美国留学硕士论文：浅析生物燃料的发展趋势

非传统的燃料来源,源自于作物植物和动物的残留物，被称为生物燃料，生物燃料迅速获得认可，有逐步替代化石燃料的潜力，被广泛用于运输如道路、水和航空运输。许多发达国家和发展中国家正在朝着生物燃料替代化石燃料的方向发展。通常有两种类型,生物燃料乙醇和生物柴油。本文就围绕这一话题进行详细说明和具体解析。

Statement of originality and authenticity

Chapter 1- Introduction

1.1 Background and Context

A non conventional source of fuel that is obtained from the residues of crop plants and animals is known as biofuel (Yacobucci and Schnepf, 2010). Biofuels have rapidly acquired the status of an attractive alternate for the fossil fuels and are being used in transport such as road, water and air transport. Many developed and developing countries are moving towards measured surrogating of fossil fuels with biofuels. Biofuel are generally of two types, the ethanol and biodiesel.

Biofuel is a term that entails both bio-ethanol and biodiesel is the foremost candidate for replacement of petroleum oils in transportation. Biofuel, as its name indicates, is derived from biomass. Mostly it is synthesized by means of food crops residues such as sugarcane, maize, wheat etc. Biomass is available in different forms and almost all forms of biomass can be utilized for the production of biofuels (Van der Laaka et al., 2007). Different crops can be used for the efficient production of biofuels that enables different countries of the world to use the most common crops in their regions.

The rapid increase of biofuel production is the result of recent economical, political and environmental developments round the globe (Singh, 2008). One of the most important developments in the recent years is sudden rise in crude oil prices, the oil prices reached as high as $140 per barrel. The economies of developed as well as developing countries have been threatened by such a huge hike in crude oil prices.

According to the report published by International Energy Agency (IEA) in 2005 states that the oil importing countries have put biofuels as the first priority agenda after the recent changes in the global oil prices. Petroleum oils have been and still are the life blood for the industries of the developed as well as underdeveloped countries, but recent events on international scene have put their energy security under threat.

The increased awareness of environmental issues produced due to burning of fossil fuels has also increased the importance of biofuels that are considered more environmental friendly. The emission of green house gases has proved to be a threat for the existence of life on this planet. In this scenario the biofuels are the only alternative for the hydrocarbon based fuels and they are of great importance for governments as well as consumers. The governments of numerous developing countries including India are taking steps to promote biofuels and biofuel industry as a replacement of fossil fuels (Charles, et al., 2007). Biofuels are relatively cheaper than the fossil fuels; industry and business necessitate continuous mobilization of goods from one place to other places and require economical fuel for this purpose.